RUSSIAN CULTURE ►
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THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК
It’s not that difficult (but hard enough).
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►The Russian Alphabet
►Numbers
►Telling Time
►Asking the way
►Common Words
►First Aid
►General Information
►Restaurants and Food
►General Food Items
The Russian Alphabet
| Russian | English | Pronunciation |
| Vowels |
| a |
a |
as u in "father'"(when in a stressed syllable) |
| я | | as ya in "yard" |
| э |
e |
as e in "pet" |
| е | | as ye in "yet" |
| и |
i |
as i in "hit" |
| ы | | as e in "me" |
| о |
|
as o in "hot" |
| ё | | as yo in "yo brother" |
| у |
u |
as u in "pull" |
| ю | | as u in "union" |
| Consonants |
| б |
b |
as b in "box" |
| д | d | as d in "dog" |
| ф |
f |
as f in "fish" |
| г | g | as g in "go" |
| х |
kh |
as ch in "loch" |
| ж | zh | as s in "pleasure" |
| к |
k |
as k in "king" |
| л | l | as l in "like" |
| м |
m |
as m in "man" |
| н | n | as n in "nimble" |
| п |
p |
as p in "pin" |
| р | r | as r in "arrow" |
| с |
s |
as s in "miss" |
| т | t | as t in "take" |
| в |
v |
as v in "vat" |
| з | z | as z in "zebra" |
| Double Consonants |
| ц |
|
as ts in "eats" |
| ч | | as ch in "chair" |
| ш |
|
as sh in "ship" |
| щ | | as shch in "cash cheque" |
| Accent Letters |
| ь |
|
soft sign (in transliterated words) |
| ъ | | hard sign |
| й |
|
short i (as y in "guy") |
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Numbers
| 1 |
один |
adeen |
| 2 | два | dva |
| 3 |
три |
tri |
| 4 | четыре | chyety'rye |
| 5 |
пять |
pyat |
| 6 | шесть | shest |
| 7 |
семь |
syem |
| 8 | восемь | vo'syem |
| 9 |
девять |
dye'vyat |
| 10 | десять | dya'syat |
| 11 |
одиннадцать |
adeen'atsut |
| 12 | двенадцать | dvyenat'sut |
| 13 |
тринадцать |
treenad'sut |
| 14 | четырнадцать | chetyr'natsut |
| 15 |
пятнадцать |
pyatnad'sut |
| 16 | шестнадцать | shestnat'sut |
| 17 |
семнадцать |
syamnat'sut |
| 18 | восемнадцать | vosyemnat'sut |
| 19 |
девятнадцать |
devytnat'sut |
| 20 | двадцать | dvat'sut |
| 21 |
двадцать один |
dvat'sut adeen |
| 22 | двадцать два | dvat'sut dva |
| 30 |
тридцать |
treet'sut |
| 40 | сорок | so'rok |
| 50 |
пятьдесят |
pyatdyesyat |
| 60 | шестьдесят | shestdyesyat |
| 70 |
семьдесят |
syemdyesyat |
| 80 | восемьдесят | vo'syemdyesyat |
| 90 |
девяносто |
dyevyano'sto |
| 100 | сто | sto |
| 200 |
двести |
dvye'sti |
| 300 | триста | tree'sta |
| 400 |
четыреста |
chety'rysta |
| 500 | пятьсот | pyatsot |
| 600 |
шестьсот |
shestsot' |
| 900 | девятьсот | dyevyatsot' |
| 1000 |
тысяча |
ty'syacha |
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Telling Time
To tell the time in Russian, the easiest way is to state the hour
first and then the minutes. For example, 3:15 would be tri chasa,
pyatnadsut minut.
Phrases:
| What is the time? |
Который час? |
Kato'ryi chas? |
| It's one o'clock, two o'clock. | Час, два часа. | Chas, dva chasa. |
| It is five past three (PM) |
Три часа пятнадцать минут or. пятнадцать ноль пять. |
Tri chasa 'pyat' minoot or pyatnat'sut nol pyat |
| It is twenty to five | Четыре часа сорок минут or шестнадцать сорок | Chety'rye chasa' sorok minoot or shestnat'sut so'rok. |
| It is twelve o'clock mid-day |
Полдень |
pol'dyen |
| It is midnight | полночь | pol'noch |
| AM |
Утра |
utra |
| PM | Вечера | vye'chera |
| This morning |
Сегодня утром |
segod'nya ootrom |
| This afternoon | Сегодня днем | segod'nya dnyom |
| This evening |
Сегодня вечером |
segod'nya vye'cherom |
| Tonight | Вечером | vye'cherom |
| Night |
Ночь |
noch |
| Tomorrow evening | Завтра вечером | zavtra vye'cherom |
| Tomorrow morning |
Завтра утром |
zavtra ootrom |
| The day after tomorrow | Послезавтра | poslyezav'tra |
| Yesterday |
Вчера |
vchera' |
| The day before yesterday | Позавчера | pozavchera' |
| Last night |
Вчера ночью |
vchera' noch'yu |
| Early | Рано | ra'no |
| Late |
Поздно |
poz'dnoa |
| How long? | Как долго | kak dol'go? |
| An hour |
Час |
chas |
| A minute | Минута | minoo'ta |
| Half a moment |
Минуточку |
minoo'tochku |
| In a moment | Сейчас | sichas' |
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Asking the way
| Would you please tell me… |
Скажите пожалуйста... |
Skazhee'tye pazhal'sta… |
| where there is a grocer's, baker's, market, chemist's here? |
где здесь продуктовый магазин, булочная, рынок, аптека? |
gdye zdyes produktovyi magazin, boo'lochnaya, ry'nok, aptyeka? |
| where there is a restaurant, cafe, cafeteria here? |
где здесь ресторан, кафе, столовая здесь? |
gdye zdyes restoran', kafay', stalo'vaya? |
| cinema, theatre, park, museum, church? |
кино, театр, парк, музей, церковь? |
kino', tyat'tr, park, moozei', tser'kov? |
| where there is a wc / lavatory here? |
где здесь туалет / уборная? |
gde zdyes tualet / ubor'naya? |
| Highway | Шоссе | sho'sai |
| Road |
Дорога |
daro'ga |
| Street | Улица | oo'litsa |
| Square |
Площадь |
plosh'chad |
| Lane | Переулок | pyeryeoo'lok |
| Dead-end |
Тупик |
tupik |
| Town | Город | ty'go'rod |
| Village |
Деревня |
dyerev'nya |
| House | Дом | dom |
| Sea |
Море |
mo'rye |
| Black Sea | Черное море | chor'noye morye |
| Turning |
Поворот |
pavarot' |
| To the left | Налево | nalye'va |
| To the right |
Направо |
napra'va |
| Straight on | Прямо | prya'ma |
| Here |
Сюда |
syuda' |
| There | Туда | tuda' |
| Back |
Назад |
nazad' |
| Forest | Лес | lyes |
| Field |
Поле |
po'lye |
| River | Река | reka' |
| Lake |
Озеро |
o'zyero |
| Hill | Гора | gara' |
Who speaks English, German, French here?
Кто здесь говорит по-ангийски, по-немецки, по-французки?
Kto zdyes gavaareet' poanglee'ski, ponimyets'ki, pofrantsoos'ki?
May I have an interpreter?
Можно попросить переводчика?
Mozh'no papraseet' perevod'chika?
I do not understand Russian.
Я не понимаю по-русски.
Ya ne ponima'yu poroos'ki.
What is this called in Russian?
Как это назвается по-русски?
Kak e'to nazyva'yetsa poroos'ki?
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Common Words
| Yes |
Да |
da |
| No | Нет | nyet |
| Thank you |
Спасибо |
spasi'bo |
| Please | Пожалуйста | pazhal'sta |
| Hello |
Здравствуйте |
zdrav'stvuytye |
| Good-bye | До свидания | dasvidanya |
| Good |
Хорошо |
kharasho' |
| Bad | Плохо | plo'kho |
| Much, many |
Много |
mno'go |
| Little, few | Мало | ma'la |
| When? |
Когда? |
kogda? |
| Where? | Где? | gdye? |
| Why? |
Почему? |
pachimoo'? |
| Quickly | Быстро | by'stra |
| Slowly |
Медленно |
myedd'lenna |
| I | Я | ya |
| He |
Он |
on |
| She | Она | ana' |
| We |
Мы |
my |
| You | Вы | vy |
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First Aid
I feel ill.
Я плохо себя чувствую.
Ya plo'kho syebya choo'stvuyu.
She is very tired.
Она очень устала.
Ona o'chen usta'la.
He has a temperature.
У него температура.
U nyego' temperatoo'ra.
I have a head-, ear-, tooth-, stomach-ache, sore throat.
У меня болит голова, ухо, зуб, живот, горло.
U menya' baleet' galava', oo'kho, zoob, zhivot', gor'lo.
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General Information
Where is the hospital?
Где здесь больница?
Gde zdyes balni'tsa?
Call an ambulance.
Позовите скорую помошь.
Pozovi'tye sko'ruyu po'moshch.
It is necessary to call a doctor immediately.
Нужно срочно позвать врача.
Noozh na sroch na pazvat' vracha'
I have lost my appetite.
У меня пропал аппетит.
u myenya propal' apeteet'.
| Fainting fit |
обморок |
ob'marok |
| Infection | инфекция | infek'tsiya |
| Burn |
ожог |
azhog |
| Inflammation | воспаление | vospale'niye |
| Sprain |
вывих |
vy'vikh |
| Convulsion | судорога | soo'daraga |
| Fracture |
перелом |
pyerelom |
| Inoculation | прививка | priveev'ka |
| Anesthetic |
наркоз |
narkoz |
| Dressing | перевязка | pyerevyaz'ka |
| Injection |
укол |
ukol' |
| Nurse | медсестра | myedsyestra' |
| Medicines |
лекарства |
lekar'stva |
| An Aspirin | аспирин | as'pirin |
| First Aid Kit |
перевязочные средства |
pyerevya'zochnyye sryedstva |
| Castor Oil | касторка | kastor'ka |
| Disinfectant |
дезинфицирующее средство |
dizinfitseeroo'yuscheye sryed'stvo |
| Epsom Salts | английская соль | anglee'skaya sol |
| Iodine |
йод |
yod |
| Ointment | мазь | maz |
| A pill |
пилюля |
pilyoo'lya |
| Quinine | хинин | khineen' |
| A bandage |
бинт |
bint |
| Cotton-wool | вата | va'ta |
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Restaurants and Food
Cafes usually close at 10.00 or 11.00 pm, and restaurants at 11.00
or 11.30 pm although diners are not admitted during the half-hour
before closing time. Not all dishes have prices beside them. Those
not marked are not available that particular day. Tourists are always
issues with vouchers for meals.
Recommended Russian Food
| Ikra |
Luxurious black caviar |
| Krasnaya ikra | Red caviar |
| Salat iz sverzhikh agoortsov so smetany |
Cucumber salad with sour cream |
| Borshch | Beetroot soup |
| Shchi |
Cabbage soup |
| Rasolnik | Hot soup, usually of pickled vegetables |
| Akroshka |
Cold soup |
| Syomga s limonom | Smoked salmon with lemon |
| Beef stroganov |
Beef stew in smetana (sour cream) with fried potatos |
| Kitlyet po pajarski | Good chicken cutlets |
| Kutlyeta po kiyevski |
Fired rolled breast of chicken |
| Pirozhki | Delicious fried rolls with various fillings |
| Bliny |
Small pancakes, can be eaten with many things (caviar, butter,
smetana) |
| Aladi | Crumpets, can be eaten with jam |
| Pyelmeni |
Meat dumplings |
| Stakan kiselya | Dessert of thickened cranberry juice |
| Gooryev skaya kasha |
Semolina with various dried fruits |
| marozhnoye | Ice-cream!!! |
Wines and Spirits and Soft Drinks
All alcoholic drinks must be ordered in grams or by the bottle:
| Small glass |
100g. |
| Large glass | 200g. |
| Small bottle (2/3 regular size) |
550 g./ .5 litre |
| Normal Bottle | 750 g./.75 litre |
Vodka:
By far the most popular drink of Russia! The favorite brands being Stolichnaya, Flagman, Gzhelka and Russkiy Standart. There are other kinds too, including Tminaya (caraway flavor), lemon vodka, Zveroboy (animal killer), Ahotnichaya vodka (hunter's vodka), Ghorilka s pertsem (Ukrainian vodka with peppers in it).
Georgian Table Wines:
| Dry white |
Tsinandali or Gurdzhaani |
| Medium dry white | Tvishi or Tetra |
| Dry red |
Mookoozani or Saperavi |
| Medium dry red | Hvanchkara (Stalin's favorite), Odzhaleshi or Kinsmaraooli |
Champagne:
| Dry |
Sookhoye |
| Medium dry | Palusookhoye |
| Sweet |
Sladkoye |
| Brut (the most tasty one) | Brut |
Brandy and Liquors:
The best brandy comes from Armenia (armyanskii kanyak). Most liquors have French names, but the resemblance to the originals may be slight.
Mineral Water:
The most common bottled mineral waters are Narzan and slightly salty Barzhomi. Fresh water is seldom served at the table, unless particularly asked for.
Fruit Drinks:
'Limonad' is basically lemonade. There are also various other flavors to choose from: orange, cherry, apple, and pear. There is also a Russian Coca-Cola called 'Sayani'. Another popular Russian drink is the sour Kvass (fermented bread-water) or plain soda water, both of which can be bought outside on the streets.
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General Food Items
| Bread |
hlyeb |
| Water | vada |
| Boiled Water |
keepatok |
| Milk | malako |
| Butter |
masla |
| Cheese | syir |
| Eggs |
yaitsa |
| Yogurt | kifir |
| Sour Cream |
smetana |
| Salt | sol |
| Sugar |
sakhar |
| Cold Sausage | kolbasa |
| Ham |
vecheena |
| Sweets | konfyeti |
| Tea |
chai |
| Coffee | kofye |
| Apples |
yabloki |
| Pears | grooshi |
| Grapes |
veenograd |
| Lemon | leemon |
| Strawberries |
kloobnika |
| Cucumbers | agoortsi |
| Tomatoes |
pamidori |
| Wine | veeno |
| Beer |
peevo |
| Soft fruit | yagodi |
| Fruit |
frootki |
| Chocolate | shokolad |
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